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New international trade deals

Economy10 tracked updates
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✦ AI Overview

Pitched as opening new doors for New Zealand exporters by signing fresh free trade agreements (FTAs) in markets where Kiwi goods still faced tariffs, especially the Gulf and India.

The Policy: National Trade and Export Plan — 2023 Election →

What it does:

  • Expands New Zealand's FTA network into the Middle East for the first time. The NZ-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement was signed in January 2025 and entered into force on 28 August 2025, giving 98.5% of NZ goods duty-free access immediately (rising to 99% within three years), including all dairy, red meat and horticulture from day one.
  • Concludes a long-sought NZ-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) deal covering Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Oman, after an 18-year wait. It removes tariffs on 99% of NZ exports over 10 years; combined with the UAE deal, 51% of exports to the region are tariff-free from day one. NZ sold about $2.6 billion to the GCC in the year to June 2024, including $1.8 billion of dairy.
  • Lands a free trade agreement with India, negotiations for which launched in March 2025 and concluded in December 2025. It makes 95% of current NZ exports tariff-free or reduced, eliminating India's 33% sheep-meat tariff and tariffs on wool and most forestry, and cutting tariffs on kiwifruit and apples within quotas.
  • Builds on FTAs that took effect just before this term, chiefly the NZ-EU agreement (in force 1 May 2024, 91% of NZ goods duty-free day one rising to 97%) and the UK FTA, which the government has pushed to use more fully.

The result:

On its own terms the programme has largely delivered: two of the headline deals (UAE and the GCC) were signed, the UAE agreement is in force, and the India FTA was concluded then signed in New Delhi on 27 April 2026. The government points to record exports, which topped NZD$100 billion for the first time in the year to December 2024, and to a goal of FTA coverage over 90% of goods exports by 2030. But the flagship India deal is contested. Dairy, New Zealand's biggest export, was largely left out: the Dairy Companies Association of New Zealand (DCANZ) said tariff cuts reached categories worth only about 3.8% of NZ's global dairy trade, and chairman Guy Roper said India had been unwilling to deliver more than small changes. Executive director Kimberly Crewther warned the duty-free re-export provision is hamstrung by Indian red tape. The deal also became a coalition flashpoint: NZ First leader Winston Peters branded it "neither free nor fair" and opposed its migration provisions, while Labour leader Chris Hipkins called signing without secured parliamentary numbers "recklessly irresponsible".

The impacts to watch:

  • Ratification risk: the India FTA needs Tariff Act changes to take effect, and without NZ First's votes the National-led government cannot pass that legislation alone, leaving the deal stalled in Parliament as of mid-2026.
  • Dairy's missing market: Trade Minister Todd McClay says reviews a year after entry into force, plus a "most-favoured" clause, may improve dairy access later, but for now butter and cheese stay tariff-walled.
  • Whether new access converts to sales: under the EU deal, NZ dairy exports rose 64% to $557 million in the year to June 2025, a test of whether Gulf and Indian access will translate into real export growth rather than paper tariff savings.

This overview is summarised by AI from public sources. It may contain errors and is a guide, not the definitive record — we welcome corrections.

❓ Our Questions — you decide

Where our research raises a question the policy doesn't answer, we put it to you — these are our questions, not government policy. Your vote stays anonymous even when you sign up (we use sign-up only to send you more things to vote on that you care about), and we report aggregated results only — the country's sentiment, never how any individual voted.

Was signing the India trade deal worthwhile even though it largely leaves out dairy, New Zealand's biggest export?
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Should the government have secured enough parliamentary votes to pass the India deal into law before signing it?
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Should New Zealand sign trade deals that exclude its biggest export, dairy?
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Should free trade agreements include immigration and visa concessions?
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Should a coalition partner be able to block a signed trade deal in Parliament?
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Key milestones

Oct 2024official
Gulf trade deal concluded after 18 years

Trade and Agriculture Minister Todd McClay announced from Doha that New Zealand had concluded a free trade agreement with the six-nation Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Bahrain and Oman), with a joint statement signed at the 67th GCC Trade Cooperation Committee meeting. McClay called it the highest-quality deal the GCC had done to date and its first with a major agricultural exporter. The government said it would remove duties on 99% of NZ exports over 10 years; NZ sold about $2.6 billion to the bloc in the year to June 2024, including $1.8 billion of dairy.

Beehive: NZ concludes high quality trade deal with the GCC
Jan 2025official
UAE economic partnership agreement signed

New Zealand signed a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement with the United Arab Emirates, its first FTA in the Middle East. MFAT said 98.5% of NZ goods exports would gain duty-free access on entry into force, rising to 99% within three years, with all dairy, red meat and horticultural products covered immediately. The agreement was forecast to save exporters about NZD$42 million a year in tariffs.

MFAT: NZ-UAE CEPA
Aug 2025official
UAE deal enters into force

The NZ-UAE CEPA came into force on 28 August 2025, the first of the government's new agreements to actually take effect. NZ Customs confirmed exporters could claim preferential tariff treatment from that date. Officials projected the deal could lift two-way trade past US$5 billion by 2032, up from an average near US$1.5 billion in 2019-2023.

NZ Customs: NZ-UAE CEPA
Dec 2025news
India deal concluded, but dairy left out

After negotiations launched in March 2025, New Zealand and India concluded an FTA in December 2025. RNZ reported it would make about 95% of current NZ exports tariff-free or reduced, eliminating India's 33% sheep-meat tariff and tariffs on wool and most forestry. Dairy, NZ's largest export, was largely excluded; Todd McClay said reviews after entry into force and a most-favoured clause could improve dairy access later. India's commerce minister said India would not open its dairy market to any nation.

RNZ: Unpacking the details of NZ's free trade deal with India
Dec 2025news
Dairy sector says deal does little for it

The Dairy Companies Association of New Zealand (DCANZ) said the India FTA delivered for many sectors but not dairy, with tariff cuts reaching product categories worth only about 3.8% of NZ's global dairy trade. Chairman Guy Roper said India had been unwilling to deliver more than small changes but credited officials for concluding the deal under tight timeframes; executive director Kimberly Crewther warned the duty-free re-export provision is rarely usable because of Indian red tape. DCANZ said it backed ratification "on balance" for the wider economic gains.

Farmers Weekly: Dairy industry highlights gaps in India FTA
Apr 2026news
India FTA signed amid coalition rift

New Zealand signed the India FTA in New Delhi on 27 April 2026, but the deal sparked a public split in the coalition. NZ First leader Winston Peters called it "neither free nor fair" and opposed its migration provisions, which include up to 1,667 skilled-worker visas a year on non-renewable three-year terms; he warned of large inflows displacing New Zealanders. Prime Minister Christopher Luxon said Peters was "wrong", while Labour leader Chris Hipkins called signing without secured parliamentary numbers "recklessly irresponsible". Because the FTA needs Tariff Act changes, the government cannot pass it without NZ First or Labour support.

Newswire: NZ to sign India FTA despite coalition rift over migration
2026
Public reaction across platforms

Online reaction is sharply split: exporters and business voices welcome the Gulf and India deals as long-overdue market access, while farming and some political commentary fixates on dairy being left out and on the India FTA's migration provisions, which became the loudest flashpoint.

See the conversation:

Aggregated — individual posts are not cited.

5 Jul 2026official
National pledges trade talks with seven new markets if re-elected

National has committed that a re-elected National government would begin free trade negotiations with seven new markets within five years: Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Switzerland and the European Free Trade Association bloc (Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). Trade spokesperson Todd McClay said the markets — worth about $1.8 billion in current exports — offered large untapped opportunities, and pointed to the recently concluded India deal as evidence the party delivers on trade. The pledge is conditional on National being re-elected at the November 2026 election.

Luxon commits to trade talks with seven new markets if re-elected — 1News
11 Jul 2026news
NZ and India unveil Strategic Partnership and Roadmap to 2030

On 11 July 2026 Prime Minister Christopher Luxon and visiting Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi — the first Indian PM to visit New Zealand in 40 years — met in Auckland and elevated the relationship to a Strategic Partnership, unveiling a Roadmap to 2030. It targets doubling two-way trade to about NZ$7 billion by 2030 and deepens defence links, including a new Maritime Cooperation Arrangement and annual maritime security talks, alongside the tariff cuts in the recently concluded free trade agreement. Labour leader Chris Hipkins called a closer relationship with India positive overall, but flagged a discrepancy over an investment clause in the FTA, which he said India reads as a firm commitment while New Zealand treats it as a commitment only to promote investment, warning of potential consequences for exporters if the two readings diverge. Luxon has said the investment issue is clearly understood on both sides.

NZ and India unveil strategic partnership to elevate ties — 1News
17 Jul 2026official
New Zealand and Switzerland agree to open trade talks

Trade and Investment Minister Todd McClay announced that New Zealand and Switzerland have agreed to set up a Trade and Investment Dialogue, a forum to explore closer cooperation on trade, investment, e-commerce, economic security and sustainability. McClay said the dialogue would lead to closer economic cooperation between the two countries. Officials are due to hold their first meeting in September. Switzerland is currently a net exporter to New Zealand: in the year to December 2025 two-way trade was worth about NZ$1.88 billion, made up of roughly NZ$429 million in New Zealand exports (largely travel services, meat and hides) against about NZ$1.45 billion in imports (mainly transport services, pharmaceuticals, watches and insurance). The dialogue is a talks framework rather than a free trade agreement, and no negotiation timeline has been announced.

New Zealand and Switzerland agree trade discussions (Beehive)

Sources

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